|
||||||||
A new potassium scandium borohydride, KSc(BH4)4, is presented and characterized by a combination of in situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and vibrational and NMR spectroscopy. The title compound, KSc(BH4)4, forms at ambient conditions in ball milled mixtures of potassium borohydride and ScCl3 together with a new ternary chloride K3ScCl6, which is also structurally characterized. This indicates that the formation of KSc(BH4)4 differs from a simple metathesis reaction, and the highest scandium borohydride yield (~31 mol %) can be obtained with a reactant ratio KBH4:ScCl3 of 2:1. KSc(BH4)4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system, a = 11.856(5), b = 7.800(3), c = 10.126(6) Å, V = 936.4(8) Å3 at RT, with the space group symmetry Pnma. KSc(BH4)4 has a BaSO4 type structure where the BH4 tetrahedra take the oxygen positions. Regarding the packing of cations, K+, and complex anions, [Sc(BH4)4]−, the structure of KSc(BH4)4 can be seen as a distorted variant of orthorhombic neptunium, Np, metal. Thermal expansion of KSc(BH4)4 in the temperature range RT to 405 K is anisotropic, and the lattice parameter b shows strong nonlinearity upon approaching the melting temperature. The vibrational and NMR spectra are consistent with the structural model, and previous investigations of the related compounds ASc(BH4)4 with A = Li, Na. KSc(BH4)4 is stable from RT up to ~405 K, where the compound melts and then releases hydrogen in two rapid steps approximately at 460−500 K and 510−590 K. The hydrogen release involves the formation of KBH4, which reacts with K3ScCl6 and forms a solid solution, K(BH4)1−xClx. The ternary potassium scandium chloride K3ScCl6 observed in all samples has a monoclinic structure at room temperature, P21/a, a = 12.729(3), b = 7.367(2), c = 12.825(3) Å, β = 109.22(2)°, V = 1135.6(4) Å3, which is isostructural to K3MoCl6. The monoclinic polymorph transforms to cubic at 635 K, a = 10.694 Å (based on diffraction data measured at 769 K), which is isostructural to the high temperature phase of K3YCl6. |
|
||||||||
A new alkaline transition-metal borohydride, NaSc(BH4)4, is presented. The compound has been studied using a combination of in situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and vibrational and NMR spectroscopy. NaSc(BH4)4 forms at ambient conditions in ball-milled mixtures of sodium borohydride and ScCl3. A new ternary chloride Na3ScCl6 (P21/n, a = 6.7375(3) Å, b = 7.1567(3) Å, c = 9.9316(5) Å, β = 90.491(3)°, V = 478.87(4) Å3), isostructural to Na3TiCl6, was identified as an additional phase in all samples. This indicates that the formation of NaSc(BH4)4 differs from a simple metathesis reaction, and the highest scandium borohydride yield (22 wt %) was obtained with a reactant ratio of ScCl3/NaBH4 of 1:2. NaSc(BH4)4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system with the space group symmetry Cmcm (a = 8.170(2) Å, b = 11.875(3) Å, c = 9.018(2) Å, V = 874.9(3) Å3). The structure of NaSc(BH4)4 consists of isolated homoleptic scandium tetraborohydride anions, [Sc(BH4)4]–, located inside slightly distorted trigonal Na6 prisms (each second prism is empty, triangular angles of 55.5 and 69.1°). The experimental results show that each Sc3+ is tetrahedrally surrounded by four BH4 tetrahedra with a 12-fold coordination of H to Sc, while Na+ is surrounded by six BH4 tetrahedra in a quite regular octahedral coordination with a (6 + 12)-fold coordination of H to Na. The packing of Na+ cations and [Sc(BH4)4]– anions in NaSc(BH4)4 is a deformation variant of the hexagonal NiAs structure type. NaSc(BH4)4 is stable from RT up to ∼410 K, where the compound melts and then releases hydrogen in two rapidly occurring steps between 440 and 490 K and 495 and 540 K. Thermal expansion of NaSc(BH4)4 between RT and 408 K is anisotropic, and lattice parameter b shows strong anomaly close to the melting temperature. |